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Hypospadias is a condition where the opening of the urethra is not at its usual place. Instead of the tip of the penis, the urethra opens on the underside of the penis or way back near the scrotum (a sac-like structure located under the penis that contains the testicles). The urethra is a tube-like structure that carries urine from the bladder and exits your body.
This condition is diagnosed in male babies at the time of birth. Surgery is the treatment of choice for hypospadias. Surgery usually restores the shape of the penis and the natural placement of the urethral opening. With successful treatment, babies can pass urine.
Hypospadias is a fairly common condition seen in about 1 in every 200 baby boys. In this condition, the urethral opening is not in its usual place. Instead of the tip of the penis, the urethral opening is placed on the underside of the penis. Depending on where the opening is located, hypospadias is of three types-
Since the opening of the urethra is far away from the tip of the penis, the shaft of the penis is usually bent. The farther the opening is from the tip of the penis, the greater the bend in the penis. This condition is known as ‘chordee.’ The foreskin is also not well developed in most cases. Surgery is the treatment of choice for hypospadias. It is done at 3 to 18 months of age.
The exact reason why hypospadias occurs is unknown. In most cases, it is thought to be a combination of several factors that leads to the development of hypospadias.
Hypospadias runs in the family. At around the 9th to 12th week of pregnancy, the urethra and penis start developing. There are several factors related to the mother that influence this development-
The symptoms of hypospadias can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Here are some common symptoms:
It's important to note that the severity of hypospadias can vary, with some cases being relatively mild and others more severe. Mild cases may not present significant symptoms and may be discovered during routine physical examinations. Severe cases may have more noticeable symptoms and require surgical correction.
Also Read: hydrocele
Here's an overview of the diagnostic process for hypospadias:
The diagnosis of hypospadias is primarily based on the physical examination findings, specifically the location of the urethral opening. The severity of hypospadias can vary, with mild cases having the urethral opening closer to the tip of the penis, while more severe cases may have the opening located closer to the scrotum or perineum.
The treatment of hypospadias typically involves surgical correction to reposition the urethral opening to the tip of the penis and restore normal appearance and function. The specific surgical technique used depends on the severity of the hypospadias and individual factors. Here are some common approaches to treating hypospadias:
Surgical Repair: The mainstay of treatment for hypospadias is surgical correction. The surgery is usually performed by a pediatric urologist or a urologist specializing in genitourinary conditions. The procedure involves repositioning the urethral opening to the tip of the penis and reconstructing the urethra. The surgical technique used depends on the location and severity of the hypospadias.
Chordee Correction: In some cases of hypospadias, there may be associated curvature of the penis (chordee). Surgical correction of the chordee may be performed concurrently with the hypospadias repair to straighten the penis during an erection.
Also Read: Urethral Stricture Disease
Hypospadias is a congenital condition that can be associated with certain complications. While not all individuals with hypospadias will experience these complications, it's important to be aware of them. Here are some potential complications of hypospadias:
It's important to note that the likelihood and severity of these complications can vary depending on the individual, the severity of hypospadias, and the success of surgical repair.
While it may not be possible to completely prevent hypospadias, there are some steps that can be taken to potentially reduce the risk.
It's important to note that while these strategies may be beneficial in promoting overall health and reducing certain risks, their direct impact on preventing hypospadias is not definitively established.
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